A solar panel is an array of photovoltaic (PV) modules that uses sunlight to generate direct current electricity

A solar inverter converts variable direct current in to a utility frequency alternating current.

Generated electricity is stored in a battery. A charge controller prevents the battery fron overcharging.

Generated electricity is used in the home. Excess energy can be sold back into the utility grid.

A smart grid manages information and energy flow between utilities, energy consumers and energy producers.